Kings of medieval England have ruled for over 700 years, between 757 to 1485 AD. In the early days, England did not exist, instead the land was broken up into warring kingdoms, each with its own ruler. Alfred the Great had a dream of a united England, a king of all of England.

The king, Stephen of England, was not nominated as heir to the throne of England. His cousin, Matilda, who was Henry I's daughter, was instead. Matilda (or Maud as she is sometimes known) had the strongest claim, and her father rallied for an oath to be sworn by his Anglo-Norman barons, before his death, that she would become Queen of England.